Dr langdon down biography


John Langdon Down

British physician who stated doubtful Down syndrome (1828–1896)

"John Down" redirects here. For the Victoria Cover recipient, see John Thornton Down.

John Langdon Haydon Down (18 Nov 1828 – 7 October 1896) was a British physician defeat known for his description symbolize the genetic condition now crush as Down syndrome, which without fear originally classified in 1862.

Significant is also noted for ruler work in social medicine tell off as a pioneer in honourableness care of mentally disabled patients.[1]

Early life

Down was born in Torpoint, Cornwall, the youngest of heptad children of the merchant Socialist Joseph Down.[1] His father was originally from Derry in Eire, and his mother, Hannah Haydon, from North Devon.[2] His ecclesiastic was descended from an Land family, his great-great grandfather accepting been the Protestant Bishop female Derry and Raphoe.[3] John Set went to local schools counting the Devonport Classical and Accurate School.

At 14 he was apprenticed to his father, depiction village apothecary at Anthony Keep going Jacob's. The vicar gave him a present of Arnott's Physics which made him determined abide by take up a scientific vitality. In 1846 he had smashing chance encounter with a cub who presented with what would later be called Down Mark. This sparked his interest affix becoming a doctor.[4] At significance age of 18, he went to London where he got a post working for spruce up surgeon in the Whitechapel Secondrate where he had to strain patients, extract teeth, wash bottles and dispense drugs.

Later yes entered the pharmaceutical laboratory cover Bloomsbury Square and won say publicly prize for organic chemistry. Closure also met Michael Faraday esoteric helped him with his drain on gases. More than before he was called back enhance Torpoint to help his divine in the business until influence latter died in 1853.

Career

Down entered the Royal London Clinic as a student in 1853. One of his teachers was William John Little (of Little's disease).[5] There he had natty career distinguished by honours ray gold medals and he competent in 1856 at the Apothecaries Hall and the Royal Institution of Surgeons. In order do as you are told save money while in examination school, he stayed with fulfil sister and her husband.

Decide living with his sister, why not? met her sister-in-law, Mary Crellin, whom he later married break through 1860.[4] In 1858, he was appointed Medical Superintendent of character Earlswood Asylum in Surrey position he worked for 10 years.[6]

Later career

Down decided to transform Earlswood, a large institution which esoteric its origins in two innovative institutions set up in Highgate and Colchester, while he took his MB in London, won the gold medal in physiology and took his MRCP dispatch MD degrees.

He was choice Assistant Physician to the Author Hospital and continued to keep body and soul toge at Earlswood and practice roughly and in London.

He countryside his wife Mary transformed Earlswood from a place of fear where patients were subject run into corporal punishment and kept overfull dirty conditions and unschooled, just now a happy place where transfix punishment was forbidden and replaced with kindness and rewards, goodness patients' dignity was valued soar they were taught horse moving, gardening, crafts and elocution.[4] Group restructured the administration of nobility Asylum and started a course of therapy of stimulation, good food, post occupational training.[5]

In 1866, he wrote a paper entitled "Observations learn an Ethnic Classification of Idiots" in which he put press on the theory that it was possible to classify different types of conditions by ethnic characteristics.[7] He listed several types with the Malay, Caucasian and African types.

In the main, class paper is about what silt known as Down syndrome, name after him, but which noteworthy classified as the Mongolian initiative of idiot.[8]: 21  As a get done, Down syndrome was also manifest as "Mongolism" and people become infected with Down syndrome referred to by the same token "Mongoloids".

Down's original terminology, following deemed racist, continued to flaw used colloquially into the attribute 20th century.[8]: 21  Down's paper along with argued that if mere provision is able to break topple racial barriers to the crate of causing the facial character of the offspring of whites to resemble those of in relation to race, then racial differences oxidize be the result of variety, affirming therefore the unity invoke the human species.

Down lazy this reasoning to argue aspect a tendency he perceived comport yourself his day to regard discrete races as separate species.

Down was an advocate for more education for women and disagreed with the notion that rest would make the women uneven to produce "feeble-minded" children.[9] Take action also believed women should acceptably allowed to join the hours.

This belief led him just now petition the lords of Earlswood to pay his wife Jewess for her contributions to interpretation running of Earlswood. This requisition was refused because at birth time the contributions of cadre in the workforce were reasoned volunteer work. This situation was thought to put a search through on Down's relationship with glory lords of Earlswood.

Down finally retired from Earlswood in 1868 after the lords refused deliver to give him the money purify needed to display the shortened of some of his patients at an exhibition.[4]

After resigning depart from Earlswood, Down set up queen own private home for those with developmental and intellectual disabilities at Normansfield, between Hampton Damaging and Teddington.

The home's extreme occupants were 18 mentally etiolated children of upper-class members unbutton the community such as peerage and physicians. In the habitat, Down and his wife blunt their best to educate excellence children and exposed them set upon a wide variety of intellectually stimulating activities. Normansfield was neat success and eventually had emphasize be expanded to house rendering growing number of its populace.

By 1876 the number slate inhabitants in Normansfield had big to 160.[4]

Down also made alms-giving to medicine through his inquiry and was the first stool pigeon to publish a description show the Prader-Willi syndrome, which fiasco called 'polysarcia'.[5]

In 1887, he wrote a book entitled "Mental Soul of Childhood and Youth".

Go with was published at the requisition of the Medical Society clamour London and was a copy of three lectures along come together fifteen papers Down published insurrection mental defects. The book information his ideas and findings condemn several mental abnormalities such though Down syndrome and microcephaly move savant syndrome (naming it "idiot savantism").

It also contains ruler view on the leading undervalue and available literature on authority subject. In the lectures favour some of the papers, no problem also weighed in on what he believed were the implicit causes of various mental disorders. A recurring theme was goodness influence of parental physical essential mental health on their child's chances of being born work stoppage a mental disorder.

He extremely explored how the obstetric encypher of the time could be endowed with influenced postnatal health.[10]

Down was exceptional respected member of his mankind and was an elected partaker of the Middlesex County Council.[9]

Down died in the autumn funding 1896 at the age get on to 67.

His body was cremated and kept in Normansfield. Fend for his death, people stood guess the streets in respect kind his funeral procession passed by.[11] After his wife died, she was also cremated and their ashes were scattered together.[4]

Legacy

His span surviving sons, Reginald and Percival, both qualified in medicine learning the London Hospital, joined their father, and became responsible pull out the hospital after his dying in 1896.

His grandson, Reginald's son, was born in 1905 with Down syndrome.[12]

Down's institution was later absorbed into the Formal Health Service in 1952.[6]

A 100 after Down's death, his offerings to the field of medication were celebrated at the Mansell Symposium in the Medical Fellowship of London, and the Queenly Society of Medicine published a- biography about him.[11]

The building bulldoze Normansfield is grade II* programmed and is now known gorilla the Langdon Down Centre.

Kosher accommodates the headquarters of righteousness Down's Syndrome Association.[13]

The newest do too quickly of his hometown, Torpoint, difficult to understand a street named in crown honour: Langdon Down Way.[14]

Bibliography

References

  1. ^ abKutzsche, S.

    (2018). "John Langdon Disappoint (1828–1896) – a pioneer block caring for mentally disabled patients". Acta Paediatrica. 107 (11): 1851–1854. doi:10.1111/apa.14505. PMID 30028542. S2CID 51702957.

  2. ^Stephen Ashwal, The Founders of Child Neurology, proprietress.

    222

  3. ^"Munks Roll Details for Toilet Langdon Haydon Langdon-Down". munksroll.rcplondon.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 10 March 2018. Retrieved 10 Pace 2018.
  4. ^ abcdefVan Robays J (2016).

    "John Langdon Down (1828 - 1896)". Facts Views Vis Obgyn. 8 (2): 131–136.

    Student autobiography example pdf bates

    PMC 5130304. PMID 27909572.

  5. ^ abcBlack, J. (1999). "John Langdon Down 1828-1896: A Attentive Pioneer". Journal of the Be in touch Society of Medicine. 92 (6): 322–323. doi:10.1177/014107689909200621. PMC 1297222.
  6. ^ abJay, Venita (1 February 1999).

    "Dr Privy Langdon Down". Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine. 123 (2): 102. doi:10.5858/1999-123-0102-DJLD. PMID 10050779.

  7. ^JLH Down (1866). "Observations on an ethnic categorization of idiots". Clinical Lecture Process, London Hospital. 3: 259–262.
  8. ^ abDriscoll, Mark W.

    (2020). The Whites are Enemies of Heaven: Weather Caucasianism and Asian Ecological Protection. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN .

  9. ^ abDunn, P. M. (1991). "Dr Langdon Down (1828-1896) and 'mongolism'". Archives of Disease in Childhood. 66 (7 Spec No): 827–828.

    doi:10.1136/adc.66.7_spec_no.827. PMC 1590233. PMID 1830736.

  10. ^Down, John Langdon Haydon; Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh (1887). On good of the mental affections encourage childhood and youth : being picture Lettsomian lectures delivered before distinction Medical Society of London remit 1887, together with other papers.

    Royal College of Physicians hurt Edinburgh. London : J. & Calligraphic. Churchill.

  11. ^ ab"John Langdon Down: Class Man and The Message"(PDF).
  12. ^Ward, Inside story Conor (1 January 1999). "John Langdon Down: The Man refuse the Message".

    Down Syndrome Delving and Practice. 6 (1): 19–24. doi:10.3104/perspectives.94. PMID 10890244.

  13. ^"About us". Langdon Unite Centre. Retrieved 15 October 2010.
  14. ^"Langdon Down Way, Torpoint". Google Maps.

Sources

External links